Comportamiento del cáncer de vejiga en Matanzas desde diciembre de 2014 hasta enero de 2020 / Behavior of bladder cancer in Matanzas from December 2014 to January 2020

RESUMEN Introducción: el cáncer de la vejiga es la segunda neoplasia urológica. En Cuba constituye la séptima causa de cáncer en el sexo masculino y entre las primeras quince, cuando se combinan ambos sexos. Objetivo: evaluar el comportamiento del cáncer de vejiga en pacientes del Hospital Universitario Comandante "Faustino Pérez Hernández". Materiales y Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en el período comprendido desde diciembre de 2014 hasta enero de 2020. Los pacientes se dividieron en tres grupos tratados con cirugía de mínimo acceso, cirugía abierta y no operados, se describieron los grupos histológicos y estadiaje tumoral y se les aplicó tratamiento según protocolo del servicio, sus complicaciones y la presencia de recidivas tumorales también fueron descritas. En el universo se incluyeron en el estudio 222 pacientes diagnosticados de cáncer de vejiga. Resultados: se comprobó que el mayor número de pacientes diagnosticados con cáncer de vejiga son del sexo masculino, el tipo histológico es el carcinoma de células uroteliales de bajo grado y el estadio T1. Las recidivas se presentaron antes de los 5 años en el 10,8% de los casos. 196 pacientes presentaron complicaciones. Conclusiones: el cáncer de vejiga es más frecuente en las edades comprendidas entre 60 a 69 años, las recidivas aparecieron mayormente entre 1 y 3 años. Se presentó complicaciones en 196 pacientes, siendo la cirugía la modalidad terapéutica que mayor por ciento tuvo con un 32.22% y las infecciones son las complicaciones más frecuentes (AU).

SUMMARY Introduction: Cancer of the bladder (CV) is the second urological neoplasm. In Cuba it constitutes the seventh cause of cancer in males and among the first fifteen, when both sexes are combined. Objective: To evaluate the behavior of bladder cancer (CV) in patients of the Faustino Pérez Hernández Hospital. Materials and methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in the period from December 2014 to January 2020. The patients were divided into 3 groups treated with Minimum Access Surgery (CMA), Open Surgery (CA) and No Operated (NO), the histological groups and tumor staging were described and treatment was applied according to the service protocol, their complications and the presence of tumor recurrences were also described.Universe: 222 patients diagnosed with bladder cancer were included in the study. Results: It was found that the greatest number of patients diagnosed with CV are male, the histological type is low-grade urothelial cell carcinoma and stage T1. Recurrences occurred before 5 years in 10.8% of cases. 196 patients presented complications. Conclusions: The CV is more frequent in the ages between 60 to 69 years, the recurrences appeared mainly between 1 and three years. Complications occurred in 196 patients, with Surgery being the therapeutic modality with the highest percentage with 32.22% and infections being the most frequent complications (AU).

Vaginal cuff recurrence after radical cystectomy: an under - studied site of bladder cancer relapse

ABSTRACT Introduction: Vaginal cuff recurrence of tumor following radical cystectomy is a rare site of disease recurrence, however it has never been specifically studied. The aim of the study is to evaluate incidence, risk factors, and long-term oncologic outcomes of vaginal cuff recur- rence in a cohort of female patients treated with radical cystectomy for invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Materials and Methods: From 1985 to 2012, a prospectively maintained institutional blad- der cancer registry was queried for vaginal cuff recurrence post radical cystectomy. Over- all mortality and cancer-specific mortality were reported using the Kaplan-Meier method for patients with vaginal cuff recurrence, recurrence at another local or distant site, and those without evidence of recurrence. Comparisons were performed using the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards regression model was performed to assess predictors of vaginal cuff recurrence. Results: From 469 women treated with radical cystectomy for bladder cancer, 34 patients (7.3%) developed vaginal cuff recurrence, 130 patients (27.7%) had recurrence involving ei- ther a local or distant site, and 305 patients (65%) had no evidence of recurrence. The 5-year overall mortality-free survival rate was 32.4% for vaginal cuff recurrence, but 25.0% for other sites of recurrence. Cancer-specific mortality-free survival rate was 32.4% for vaginal cuff recurrence, and 30.3% for the other sites of recurrence. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis demonstrated that the presence of tumor in posterior location at radical cystectomy (Hazard Ratio [HR], 0.353 [95% CI, 0.159-0.783]) and anterior vaginec- tomy, compared to no vaginectomy (HR, 2.595 [95% CI, 1.077-6.249]) were independently associated with vaginal cuff recurrence. Conclusion: Anterior vaginectomy, despite our best attempts, is perhaps not sufficient to prevent vaginal cuff recurrence. Therefore, follow-up evaluation is essential, and further studies are necessary to address the optimal approach for initial management. Patient Summary: Although vaginal cuff recurrence is an unusual site of recurrence, careful evaluation is needed before cystectomy and during follow-up to identify patients at risk.

Cancer de la vessie : aspects épidémiologiques, diagnostiques et thérapeutiques au service d'OncoHématologie de l'Hôpital National de Niamey : à propos de 159 cas colligés de 2007 à 2014

Titre : CANCER DE LA VESSIE : aspects épidémiologiques, diagnostiques et thérapeutiques au service d'Onco-Hématologie de l'Hôpital National de Niamey. A propos de 159 cas colligés de 2007 à 2014. Objectifs : Objectif Général :  Contribuer à l'amélioration la prise en charge du cancer de la vessie. PATIENTS ET METHODES : Il s'agit d'une étude rétrospective sur huit (8) ans, réalisé du 1er Janvier 2007 au 31 Décembre 2014. L'étude a inclus les patients des deux sexes, tout âge confondu qui ont été pris en charge pour cancer vésical avec ou sans confirmation histologique au service d'OncoHématologie de l'HNN. RESULTATS : Au terme de notre étude, nous avons colligé 159 cas de tumeurs de la vessie. L'âge moyen est de 41 ans avec des extrêmes de 11 et 71 ans. La majorité des patients était des cultivateurs (38,36%) et des ménagères (27%) et proviennent de la région de Tillabéry (33,96%). Le sexe masculin était prédominant (69,20%) et sex ratio de 2,24. L'hématurie est le signe clinique le plus fréquent avec 69,18%. L'échographie abdomino-pelvienne a été réalisée chez 73,58% des patients, la radiographie pulmonaire dans 67,92% des cas, cystoscopie dans 59,75%, cytologie urinaire dans 9,43%, examen histologique dans 8,18% des cas et le carcinome épidermoïde retrouvé dans 77,77% des cas. La chimiothérapie a constitué le principal traitement dans 58,49% des cas et la chirurgie 5,66% des cas. Conclusion : Le cancer de la vessie est fréquent à l'HNN. Malgré les moyens d'explorations relativement limités, les patients bénéficient d'une prise en charge multi-disciplinaire. Le retard de consultation constitue un frein pour cette prise en charge et dans la majorité des cas la tumeur est diagnostiquée à un stade très avancé de maladie d'où un fort taux de décès est enregistré

Foreign Body Granuloma Masquerading as Bladder Tumor: A Rare Case Report.

Foreign body granuloma can occur after any surgical procedure, where non absorbable sutures have been used. It may occur due to forgotten other non-absorbable like gauze. Though foreign body granuloma has been reported involving many organs, but it is very rare to involve urinary bladder wall and to present it as urinary bladder tumor. We present such a unique case where use of Barbour thread for tubal ligation led to a large foreign body granuloma infiltrating bladder wall and presenting as bladder mass. Even contrast enhanced computed tomography showed a mass, which appeared to arise from the anterior aspect of the bladder suggestive of urachal carcinoma. Only on histopathological examination diagnosis was confirmed to be foreign body granuloma.

Trends in the Use of Chemotherapy before and after Radical Cystectomy in Patients with Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer in Korea

We investigated trends in perioperative chemotherapy use, and determined factors associated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) use in Korean patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). We recruited 1,324 patients who had MIBC without nodal invasion or metastases and had undergone radical cystectomies (RC) between 2003 and 2013. The study's cut-off time for AC was three months after surgery, and the study's timespan was divided into three periods based on NAC use, namely, 2003-2005, 2006-2009, and 2010-2013. Complete remission was defined as histologically confirmed T0N0M0 after RC. NAC and AC were administered to 7.3% and 18.1% of the patients, respectively. The median time interval between completing NAC and undergoing RC was 32 days and the mean number of cycles was 3.2. The median time interval between RC and AC was 43 days and the mean number of cycles was 4.1. Gemcitabine and cisplatin were most frequently used in combination for NAC (49.0%) and AC (74.9%). NAC use increased significantly from 4.6% between 2003 and 2005 to 8.4% between 2010 and 2013 (P < 0.05), but AC use did not increase. Only 1.9% of patients received NAC and AC. Complete remission after NAC was achieved in 12 patients (12.5%). Multivariable modeling revealed that an advanced age, the earliest time period analyzed, and clinical tumor stage < or = cT2 bladder cancer were negatively associated with NAC use (P < 0.05). While NAC use has slowly increased over time, it remains an underutilized therapeutic approach in Korean clinical practice.

Incidence of kidney, bladder, and prostate cancers in Korea: An update

The incidence of cancer is sharply increasing. Cancer is a leading cause of death as well as a significant burden on society. The incidence of urological cancer has shown a higher than average increase and will become an important concern in the future. Therefore, an overall and accurate understanding of the incidence of urological cancer is essential. In this study, which was based on the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database, annual incident cases, age-standardized incidence rates, annual percentage change (APC), and distribution by age group were examined in kidney, bladder, and prostate cancers, respectively. From 1999 to 2011, the total number of each type of urological cancer was as follows: kidney cancer (32,600 cases, 25.5%), bladder cancer (37,950 cases, 29.7%), and prostate cancer (57,332 cases, 44.8%). The age-standardized incidence rates of prostate cancer showed a significant increase with an APC of 12.3% in males. Kidney cancer gradually increased with an APC of 6.0% for both sexes and became the second most frequent urological cancer after 2008. Bladder cancer showed no significant change with an APC of -0.2% for both sexes and has decreased slightly since 2007. The distribution of kidney cancer according to age showed two peaks in the 50- to 54-year-old and 65- to 69-year-old age groups. Bladder and prostate cancers occurred mostly in the 70- to 74-year-old age group. The proportions of male to female were 2.5:1 in kidney cancer and 5.6:1 in bladder cancer. We have summarized the incidence trends of kidney, bladder, and prostate cancers and have provided useful information for screening and management of these cancers in the future.

Prevalência da infecção pelo HPV em cânceres não anogenitais: uma revisão sistemática / Prevalence of HPV infection in non-anogenital cancers: a systematic review

O papilomavírus humano (HPV), uma das infecções sexualmente transmissíveis mais comuns no mundo, tem um papel estabelecido na patogênese de cânceres genitais, bem como no câncer anal. Essa infecção também foi implicada na oncogênese de outros cânceres, como os de cabeça e pescoço. Existem evidências do aumento de incidência dos cânceres de orofaringe associados à infecção pelo HPV. Além disso, parece haver melhor prognóstico desses cânceres associados ao HPV, comparados aos não associados. Por outro lado, existem também alusões na literatura à associação da infecção pelo HPV a outros tipos de cânceres, como os cânceres de esôfago, de bexiga, de pulmão e de mama. Essas informações têm aplicação potencial para eventuais programas de triagem em subgrupos de risco. Atualmente, a vacinação contra o HPV, aprovada para a prevenção do câncer do colo uterino, poderia ter papel potencial na prevenção de outros cânceres associados a essa infecção. Além disso, há interesse no desenvolvimento de tratamentos especificamente dirigidos ao subgrupo de cânceres associados ao HPV. Nesta revisão, foi discutido o possível papel da infecção pelo HPV em cânceres não anogenitais.(AU)

Human papillomavirus (HPV), one of the most common sexually infection transmitted worldwide, has an established role in the pathogenesis of genital and anal malignancies. The HPV has also been implicated in the oncogenesis of other cancers, including head and neck malignancies. There are evidences that the increase of oropharyngeal cancer?s incidence is associated with HPV infection. Besides, these cancers, which are associated to HPV, show improved outcomes compared of those not associated with HPV infection. On the other hand, there are also references regarding the association of HPV infection with other cancers, as the esophagus, bladder, lung and breast cancers. This information has potential implications for the eventual screening of high-risk groups. While HPV vaccination is currently approved for the prevention of cervical cancers, it also has potential in the prevention of all HPV-associated malignancies. Moreover, there is interest in designing treatments specifically for this HPV-positive subgroup. In this review, the role of HPV in non-anogenital cancers was discussed.(AU)

Incidence and clinical characteristics of lower urinary tract symptoms as a presenting symptom for patients with newly diagnosed bladder cancer

PurposeThe incidence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) as the sole presenting symptom for bladder cancer has traditionally been reported to be low. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of newly diagnosed bladder cancer patients who presented with LUTS in the absence of gross or microscopic hematuria.Materials and MethodsWe queried our database of bladder cancer patients at the Atlanta Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center (AVAMC) to identify patients who presented solely with LUTS and were subsequently diagnosed with bladder cancer. Demographic, clinical, and pathologic variables were examined.Results4.1% (14/340) of bladder cancer patients in our series presented solely with LUTS. Mean age and Charlson Co-morbidity Index of these patients was 66.4 years (range = 52-83) and 3 (range = 0-7), respectively. Of the 14 patients in our cohort presenting with LUTS, 9 (64.3%), 4 (28.6%), and 1 (7.1%) patients presented with clinical stage Ta, carcinoma in Situ (CIS), and T2 disease. At a median follow-up of 3.79 years, recurrence occurred in 7 (50.0%) patients with progression occurring in 1 (7.1%) patient. 11 (78.6%) patients were alive and currently disease free, and 3 (21.4%) patients had died, with only one (7.1%) death attributable to bladder cancer.ConclusionsOur database shows a 4.1% incidence of LUTS as the sole presenting symptom in patients with newly diagnosed bladder cancer. This study suggests that urologists should have a low threshold for evaluating patients with unexplained LUTS for underlying bladder cancer.

Polymorphism at P21 codon 31 and dinucleotide polymorphism of P73 gene and susceptibility to bladder cancer in individuals from North India.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: p73, a novel P53 homolog and plays an important role in modulating cell cycle control, apoptosis and cell growth while P21, functions to negatively control the cell cycle. P53 up regulates p21 expression in response to deoxyribonucleic acid damage leading to cell cycle arrest at G1 checkpoint. In the present study, we are targeting p21 codon 31 and p73 gene variants of G4C14‑to‑A4T14 (Exon 2) polymorphism for bladder cancer (BC) risk in North Indians. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The above gene variants of P21 and P73 were assessed in the case‑control study comprising of 200 BC cases and 200 healthy controls of the same age, gender and similar ethnicity. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction fragment length polymorphism method and PCR‑based confronting two‑pair primers (PCR with CTPP). RESULTS: The variant genotype of p73Exon 2 polymorphism showed significant risk for BC (p = 0.014). While combining with heterozygous genotype, variant genotype of p73Exon2 showed a significant association with BC risk (p = 0.010). While in case of p21 codon31 showed no significant association for BC risk at genotypic level. Significant association between p73Exon2 polymorphism and smoking was observed for BC risk. Furthermore, gene combination analysis revealed that AT/AT‑Ser/Ser is associated with risk for BC. Variant genotype of P73Exon2 was associated with reduced risk of recurrence (p = 0.039) in superficial BC patients receiving Bacillus Calmette‑Guerin treatment thus showing least survival (log rank = 0.029). CONCLUSION: Our study provided evidence that the p73 G4C14 > A4T14 (Exon2) polymorphisms were associated with higher risk of BC in North Indian population.

Schistosomiasis and cancer in Egypt: review

Schistosomiasis is not known to be associated with any malignant disease other than bladder cancer. Bladder cancer is still the most common malignant tumor among males in Egypt and some African and Middle East countries. However, the frequency rate of bladder cancer has declined significantly during the last 25 years. This drop is mainly related to the control of Schistosomiasis. Many studies have elucidated the pathogenic events of Schistosomal-related bladder cancer with a suggested theory of pathogenesis. Furthermore, the disease presents with a distinct clinicopathologic profile that is quite different from bladder cancer elsewhere with younger age at presentation, more male predominance, more invasive stages, and occurrence of squamous cell carcinoma pathologic subtype. However, recent data suggest that this profile has been dramatically changed over the past 25 years leading to minimization of the differences between its features in Egypt and that in Western countries. Management of muscle-invasive localized disease is mainly surgery with 5-year survival rates of 30-50%. Although still a debatable issue, adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy have improved treatment outcomes including survival and bladder preservation rates in most studies. This controversy emphasizes the need of individualized treatment options based on a prognostic index or other factors that can define the higher risk groups where more aggressive therapy is needed. The treatment for locally advanced and/or metastatic disease has passed through a series of clinical trials since 1970s. These phase II and III trials have included the use of single agent and combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy regimens. The current standard of systemic chemotherapy of generally fit patients is now the gemcitabine-cisplatin combination. In conclusion, a changing pattern of bladder cancer in Egypt is clearly observed. This is mainly due to the success in the control of Schistosomiasis. It may also be due to increased exposure to other etiologic factors that include smoking, pesticides, and/or other causative agents. This change will ultimately affect disease management

Tabaquismo, Glutation S-Transferasa, N-Acetiltransferasa 2 y riesgo de cáncer de vejiga / Tabaquism, S-Transferase Glutation, N-Acetiltrasferase 2 and bladder cancer risk

El hábito tabáquico es el factor de riesgo más conocido para cáncer de vejiga. Ciertas arilaminas presentes en el cigarrillo han sido identificadas como carcinógenos para la vejiga en humanos. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es establecer el riesgo de padecer de cáncer de vejiga en individuos fumadores, acetiladores lentos para NAT2 y genotipos nulos de GSTM1 y GSTT1. Materiales y métodos: Se reunieron en total 150 pacientes, 75 pertenecientes al grupo de carcinoma urotelial de vejiga y 75 del grupo control, en este último no se incluyeron pacientes con enfermedad neoplásica de ninguna índole. El ADN se aisló de la muestra de sangre a partir de linfocitos utilizando un kit disponible comercialmente (QIAmp DNA Blood Mini and Maxi Kit, QIAGen GMBH). Mediante el uso de técnicas de reacción en cadena de polimerasa y de restricción/ fragmentación se determinaron los polimorfismos de las enzimas: NAT2, GSTT1 y GSTM1.Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 150 pacientes, de los cuales 75 pertenecían al grupo controly 75 al grupo de cáncer de vejiga, la media de edad del grupo de cáncer de vejiga fue 60,5 +/-11,4 y del grupo control fue 51,3 +/- 11,4. En cuanto al género en grupo de cáncer de vejiga 64 por ciento pertenecían al sexo masculino. En el grupo control 41 por ciento pertenecían al sexo masculino. Al estudiar el hábito tabáquico se halló que 51 por ciento de los pacientes del grupo de cáncer de vejiga continuaban siendo fumadores, mientras que sólo 21 por ciento fumaba en el grupo control. En el análisis de los genotipos de la enzima NAT2 en el grupo de los pacientes con cáncer de vejiga 52 por ciento resultaron acetiladores lentos, y 4 por ciento acetiladores rápidos. En el grupo control 45 por ciento de los pacientes eran acetiladores lentos y 12 por ciento acetiladores rápidos. En cuanto a la determinación de GSTT1 19 por ciento de los pacientes del grupo de cáncer de vejiga y 24 por ciento del grupo control exhibieron el genotipo nulo...

Introduction: Smoking is the most studied risk factor for bladder cancer. Certain arilamines present in cigarettes have been identified as carcinogenic for the bladder in humans. The purpose of this study is to establish the risk of bladder cancer in smokers, slow acetilators for NAT2 and none active genotypes for GSTM1 and GSTT1. Material and methods: 150 patients were studied, 75 in the group of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and 75 in the control group. The DNA was isolated from lymphocytes of blood samples using commercially available kit (QIAmp DNA Blood Mini and Maxi Kit, QIAG en GMBH). Enzyme polymorphisms of NAT2, GSTT1 and GSTM1 were determined using techniques of polymerase chain reaction and restriction/fragmentation. Results: 150 patients were included, of who 75 belonged to the control group and 75 had bladder cancer, the average of age of the bladder cancer group was 60.5 +/- 11.4 and of the control group 51.3 +/- 11.4. Regarding gender, in the bladder cancer group 64 percent were males. In the control group 41percent were males. 51 percent of the patients in the bladder cancer group continued being smokers, whereas only 21 percent smoked in control group. In NAT2 enzyme genotype analysis the bladder cancer group 52 percent were slow acetilators, and 4 percent fast acetilators. In the control group 45 percent were slow acetilators and 12 percent fast acetilators. Regarding GSTT1 determination, 19 percent of the bladder cancer group and 24 percent of the control group showed the non-active genotype. GSTM1 showed its non-active form in 44 percent of the bladder cancer group and 48 percent of the control group. Discussion: Bladder cancer is clearly related with smoking habit. We observed a very significant relationship when evaluating smoking habit, slow acetilators for NAT2, and none-active genotypes of GSTM1 and bladder cancer...

Superficial bladder tumours: recurrence and progression

To determine various presentations of superficial bladder cancer, its management, recurrence and progression rates. Case series. Department of Urology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, From January 2002 to December 2009. Patients with pathologically proven superficial transitional cell carcinoma [TCC] with minimal 2 years of follow-up were included. Their clinical presentations and management was recorded. Complete transurethral resection of bladder tumour [TURBT] was attempted in all patients. Tumour grading and staging was performed. Intra-vesical single instillation of mityomycin-C was given postoperatively in selected patients. Cystoscopic surveillance was used to assess recurrence in all patients according to standard protocol. Metastatic work-up and biopsy record of follow-up TURBT was used to document progression in high risk patients. Results were described as simple descriptive statistics. A total of 92 patients were studied. The median age of patient was 62 years, with male preponderance [88%]. Hematuria with lower urinary tract symptoms [LUTS] was most common presentation [47.8%], followed by hematruia alone [25.7%], LUTS alone [9.2%] and upper tract symptom in 1.8% of patients. Complete TURBT in first attempt was possible in 72 patients [78.3%]. Multiple tumours were seen in 34 patients [39.6%]. Intravesical mitomycin was given in 70% patients. Over-all recurrence rate of 68.4% was noted. Patients with TaG2-3 showed recurrence rate of 58.8% which occurred late with good recurrence free interval. T1G2-3 patients have more and early recurrences [80.4%]. Progression seen in 13 patients [14%], 6 patients have up-grading, four showed stage progression, one developed pelvic lymphadenopathy and another one had bone metastasis. One female patient [TaG2] developed right renal pelvic recurrence and progression while her bladder disease was well controlled. The number of patients with T1 disease was 45% in this study which is comparatively higher than other studies. Early recurrences and progression were observed with T1G2-3, while late recurrence were seen with Ta disease, having tumour free interval between 6 months to 2 years. Early radical cystectomy was advised to T1G3 disease and with multiple recurrences, but patient's compliance was poor

Egresos hospitalarios por cáncer genitourinario en Chile: tercera parte / Hospital discharges because of genitourinary cancer: third part

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue actualizar el análisis de los egresos hospitalarios (EH) de cáncer genitourinario (CGU), específicamente cáncer de próstata, testículo, vejiga y riñón, en nuestro país. Para estos efectos se obtuvieron los datos del boletín de egresos hospitalarios del Ministerio de Salud (MINSAL) del año 2005, utilizándose los códigos de la clasificación internacional de enfermedades de la OMS (CIE-10). Los distintos diagnósticos fueron caracterizados según su composición geográfica y demográfica, comparándose con la información publicada en los reportes anteriores. La proporción de patología oncológica genitourinaria dentro de los egresos hospitalarios por patología genitourinaria ha experimentado un alza sostenida, correspondiendo 10,9 por ciento a cáncer de próstata, 4,28 por ciento a cáncer de testículo, 3,92 por ciento a cáncer de vejiga, y 2,2 por ciento a cáncer renal. El presente reporte constituye una aproximación a nuestro quehacer como urólogos en nuestro país, y al mismo tiempo grafica la necesidad de crear herramientas de registro epidemiológico más efectivas.

The aim of the study was to update the analysis of hospital discharges because of genitourinary cancer in our country. For these purposes, data were obtained from the registers of the Chilean Ministry of Health. Diseases were codified according to the WHO ICD-10 classification. Hospital discharges because of genitourinary cancer has shown a steady increase since 1993.According to the last register (2005), 10.9 percent corresponds to prostate cancer, 4.28 percent to testicular cancer,3.92 percent to bladder cancer and 2.2 percent to renal cell cancer. The present analysis is a rough estimation of our activity in urological oncology. However, more accurate epidemiological tools are needed.

Caracterización del cáncer superficial de vejiga en el Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau en el período 2002-2006 / Superficial bladder cancer in Barros Luco Trudeau Hospital between 2002 and 2006

Introducción: En EE.UU. el cáncer de vejiga representa la quinta causa más frecuente de cáncer. El carcinoma urotelial es el tipo histológico más frecuente. RTU asociado a inmunoterapia es el tratamiento de elección. El objetivo de este trabajo es caracterizar una muestra de pacientes con cáncer superficial de vejiga. Materiales y método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de 48 fichas clínicas seleccionadas del período 2002-2006. Resultados: De la muestra 77 por ciento correspondió a hombres. Un 90 por ciento presentó cáncer de urotelio. La ubicación más frecuente fue multifocal. La RTU fue el tratamiento más utilizado. Conclusiones: La mayoría de nuestros datos fueron similares a lo descrito en otras publicaciones. La muestra pequeña o un factor económico podría explicar el bajo uso de RTU asociado a inmunoterapia.

Introduction: Bladder cancer is the fifth most frequent type of cancer in the United States of America. Urothelial carcinoma being the most common histological type. TUR in association with immunotherapy is the treatment of choice. The objective of this study is to characterize a group of patients with superficial bladder cancer. Materials and Method: 48 clinical records were used to perform a descriptive retrospective study during a period between 2002-2006.Results: 77percent of cases were men. 90percent presented urothelial carcinoma. The most frequent location was multifocal. TUR was the clinical intervention that was most utilized. Conclusions: The majority of our results are similar to those seen in other publications. he small size of the group or an economical factor might explain the limited use of combined TUR - immunotherapy.

Schistosoma - associated bladder cancer in Iraq single center pathologic review

To study the frequency of schistosomiasis in pathologic urinary bladder specimens and the contribution of transitional cell and squamous cell types to the schistosoma - associated and non schistosoma - associated bladder cancer among Iraqi patients. This is a retrospective study in which 1092 pathologic records of 933 patients, who underwent urinary bladder biopsies from bladder tumors or suspicious lesions discovered incidentally during endoscopic evaluation and those who ultimately had radical cystectomy and urinary diversion for invasive bladder cancer, were reviewed in Surgical Specialties Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq between June 2000 and June 2007. In this study 933 patients aged 2-100 years with a mean age of 56.87 +/- 14.3 years. Pathologic review showed schistosomiasis in 81 [8.68%] patients of whom schistosoma associated bladder cancer was reported in 49 [60.5%] patients and schistosomiasis with no pathologic evidence of malignancy in 32 [39.5%] patients. The cell type of schistosoma associated bladder cancer was transitional cell carcinoma [TCC] in 26 [53%], squamous cell carcinoma [SCC] in 19 [38.7%], adenocarcinoma in 1 [2%], and undifferentiated in 3 [6.12%] patients. Out of 852 patients with no pathologic evidence of schistosomiasis, 563 were reported to have non schistosoma associated bladder cancer. The cancer cell type was TCC in 491 [87.21%], SCC in 45 [7.99%], adenocarcinoma in 15 [2.66%], undifferentiated in 11 [1.95%] and sarcoma in 1 [0.18%] patients. Schistosoma associated bladder cancer is still a problem in Iraq as well as other endemic countries. Although the major histological cell type of such cancer in Iraq was SCC, there is a trend for increasing frequency of TCC among patients infected with schistosomiasis

Les cancers de la vessie vus au CHU Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona

Le cancer de la vessie regroupe des lesions tres diverses sur le plan clinique et surtout histopronostique. Aucune etude n'a ete realisee a Madagascar sur cette pathologie. L'objectif de cette etude est de determiner les aspects epidemio-cliniques et therapeutiques de cette pathologie cancereuse. Patients et methodes: Une etude retrospective sur une periode de 6 ans portant sur les dossiers des patients presentant un cancer de la vessie a ete faite au service d'urologie du CHU Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona. Nous avons inclus dans cette etude 31 patients avec 20 hommes et 11 femmes. Resultats : L'age moyen est de 52 ans. Les facteurs de risque sont representes surtout par le tabagisme et la schistosomiase. L'hematurie et des signes urinaires constituent les signes revelateurs a part un seul cas decouvert fortuitement au cours d'une lithiase vesicale. L'echographie a decouvert la tumeur vesicale dans 25 cas. La cystoscopie; realisee seulement chez 23 patients; a permis de visualiser la tumeur et de faire une biopsie dans tous les cas et une exerese-biopsique dans 13 cas. Le carcinome a ete retrouve dans 25 cas et l'adenocarcinome dans 6 cas. Seulement 12 cas ont eu un traitement curatif. Conclusion: Le cancer vesical est une pathologie grave. Son pronostic depend de la precocite du diagnostic. L'apparition d'une hematurie doit toujours alerter le clinicien

A case-control study on the etiology of urinary bladder cancer in Istanbul, Turkey.

BACKGROUND: Urinary bladder cancer is the third leading cancer in male in Turkey. The incidence rates of bladder cancer are 13.0 and 2.1/100,000 for males and females, respectively, in Turkey. Smoking and occupation are the main causes of urinary bladder cancer. Our goal was to investigate the etiologic factors of urinary bladder cancer in our region to improve our preventive services. METHODS: We conducted a hospital-based case-control study of patients with bladder cancer and of controls drawn randomly from the acute non-urinary patients of three hospitals in Istanbul. Controls were matched for age, sex, and residence. RESULTS: We interviewed 290 cases and 580 controls. Smoking and occupation were found to be related factors in urinary bladder cancer. CONCLUSION: Preventive measures should be planned regarding smoking and occupational factors for urinary bladder cancer in Turkey.